1. Diction (Word Choice): The specific words used by the author convey a particular feeling or attitude. For example, using words like "joyful" and "delightful" suggests a cheerful tone, while words like "grim" and "desolate" suggest a somber tone.
2. Syntax (Sentence Structure): The way sentences are structured and arranged can also influence the tone. Short, choppy sentences create a sense of urgency or excitement, while long, flowing sentences create a sense of calmness or contemplation.
3. Imagery (Descriptive Language): Vivid descriptions and imagery can evoke specific emotions in the reader. For example, using imagery of sunshine and flowers suggests a happy tone, while imagery of darkness and storms suggests a gloomy tone.
4. Figurative Language (Metaphors, Similes, etc.): The use of figurative language can also contribute to the tone. For example, a simile comparing a character to a lion might suggest a powerful or fierce tone.
5. Point of View (Narrator's Perspective): The narrator's perspective can shape the tone of the piece. A first-person narrator may offer a more intimate or subjective tone, while a third-person narrator may offer a more objective or detached tone.
6. Setting: The time and place in which the story takes place can also influence the tone. A story set in a dark and gloomy forest will likely have a different tone than a story set in a bright and sunny meadow.
7. Theme: The underlying message or idea of the piece can also contribute to the tone. For example, a story about loss and grief will likely have a somber tone.
8. Author's Purpose: The author's purpose in writing the piece can also influence the tone. For example, a piece written to persuade the reader will likely have a more serious or persuasive tone than a piece written to entertain.
9. Context: The historical, cultural, and social context in which the piece was written can also influence the tone. For example, a piece written during a time of war will likely have a different tone than a piece written during a time of peace.
It's important to note that the tone of a piece of literature can be complex and nuanced, and may change throughout the piece. By paying attention to the factors listed above, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the tone and the author's message.