Pronouns:
* Personal pronouns: He, she, it, they, we, you. (e.g., "The dog chased the ball. *It* bounced away.")
* Demonstrative pronouns: This, that, these, those. (e.g., "I saw two cats. *Those* were very fluffy.")
* Possessive pronouns: Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs. (e.g., "The dog chased the ball. *Its* bounce was impressive.")
Synonyms:
* Use words with similar meanings to the repeated noun. (e.g., "The car was red. The *vehicle* was parked on the street.")
Descriptive phrases:
* Instead of repeating the noun, describe it further. (e.g., "The dog chased the ball. *The furry, playful creature* bounced after the red sphere.")
Abstract nouns:
* Use abstract nouns that represent the concept or quality of the repeated noun. (e.g., "The dog chased the ball. *The pursuit* was relentless.")
Articles:
* Use articles like "the," "a," or "an" to refer to the noun without explicitly naming it. (e.g., "The dog chased *the* ball. *A* playful sound filled the air.")
Relative clauses:
* Use relative clauses to provide additional information about the noun without repeating it. (e.g., "The dog chased *the ball that I threw for him*." )
Ellipsis:
* Omit the noun altogether if the meaning is clear from the context. (e.g., "The dog chased the ball. *It* bounced high in the air.")
Other techniques:
* Repetition for emphasis: Sometimes repeating a noun can be effective for emphasis. (e.g., "The dog chased *the ball, the ball, the ball!*")
* Vary sentence structure: Using different sentence structures can help avoid repetition. (e.g., "The dog chased the ball. The ball bounced high in the air. *The dog continued to chase*." )
The best technique to use will depend on the specific situation and the desired effect.