Which of these terms is described as a full pause or break in the meter often followed by punctuation such period semicolon colon exclamation comma dash?

The term that describes a full pause or break in the meter, often followed by punctuation like period, semicolon, colon, exclamation mark, comma, dash, is caesura.

A caesura is a deliberate pause within a line of poetry, creating a rhythmic effect and emphasizing certain words or phrases. It can occur at different points in a line, and its placement can significantly impact the flow and meaning of the poem.