Here are some examples, categorized by general meaning:
Positive:
* Good
* Nice
* Big
* Small
* Fast
* Slow
* Warm
* Cool
* Strong
* Weak
* New
* Old
* High
* Low
* Deep
* Wide
* Short
* Long
* Bright
* Dark
* Clean
* Safe
* Free
* Real
* True
Negative:
* Bad
* Ugly
* Hard
* Cold
* Rough
* Sharp
* Loud
* Sick
* Poor
* Mean
* Lost
* Wrong
* Dead
Other:
* Red
* Blue
* Green
* Black
* White
* Full
* Empty
* Open
* Closed
* Near
* Far
* Late
* Early
* Soft
* Hard
* Wet
* Dry
* Hot
* Cold
This is just a small sample - there are many more one-syllable adjectives in the English language.
Important Note: Some words can have different pronunciations and syllable counts depending on their use in a sentence. For example, "present" can be one syllable (as a noun) or two syllables (as an adjective).