Formal:
* Basic
* Alkaline (this is the most formal and precise term)
* Alkali (can be used as an adjective, but it's more commonly a noun)
Informal:
* Base
* Caustic (for strong alkalis)
* pH-balanced (indicates neutrality)
* High pH (specifically refers to the numerical measurement)
Synonyms for "alkaline solution":
* Base solution
* Alkaline solution
* Basic solution
The best word to use depends on the context and the intended audience.