Here's a breakdown of their closeness:
* Mutual Intelligibility: While not fully mutually intelligible, speakers of both languages can often understand each other to a certain degree, particularly in basic vocabulary and grammar. This is especially true for speakers from areas where the languages have historically interacted, like the west coast of Ireland and the west coast of Scotland.
* Similar Vocabulary: A high percentage of their vocabulary is shared, making understanding possible even when grammar differs.
* Grammar: The grammar of both languages is quite similar, though there are important differences in certain areas, particularly in verb conjugation and noun declension.
* Pronunciation: Pronunciation is also quite similar, though there are some key differences, particularly in the treatment of vowels.
Think of it like this: They are like different dialects of the same language, rather than completely separate languages. You might be able to understand a person speaking a dialect of English that you're unfamiliar with, but you might not understand every word or nuance. The same applies to Irish and Scottish Gaelic.
However, there are important factors that can make understanding difficult:
* Regional Variations: Just like any language, both Irish and Scottish Gaelic have regional dialects, some of which can be quite different from others.
* Modern Usage: While both languages have been revitalized in recent decades, they are not the everyday languages they once were. This has led to differences in vocabulary and usage that can be challenging for speakers from different regions or backgrounds.
Overall, the closeness of Irish Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic makes it possible for speakers to communicate with each other to a degree. However, there are important differences that can make understanding difficult.