* Proper nouns: These are names of specific people, places, or things. They are always capitalized.
* People: John Smith, Queen Elizabeth II, Dr. Jones
* Places: London, Mount Everest, the Sahara Desert
* Things: The Eiffel Tower, the Titanic, the Constitution
* Organizations: The United Nations, Google, the Red Cross
* Days of the week: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday...
* Months of the year: January, February, March...
* Holidays: Christmas, Thanksgiving, Hanukkah
* Languages: English, Spanish, French
* Religions: Christianity, Islam, Judaism
* Titles of works: Capitalize the first letter of the first and last word, and any major words in the title.
* Books: *Pride and Prejudice*, *The Great Gatsby*
* Movies: *Star Wars*, *The Lord of the Rings*
* Songs: "Bohemian Rhapsody," "Imagine"
* Plays: *Hamlet*, *A Midsummer Night's Dream*
* Paintings: *Mona Lisa*, *The Starry Night*
* Other specific cases:
* Nationalities: American, Japanese, Canadian
* Specific geographical regions: the South, the Midwest
* Planets and stars: Mars, Jupiter, Sirius
* Historical periods: the Renaissance, the Victorian Era
* Brand names: Apple, Coca-Cola, Nike
Note: Some words can be either proper nouns or common nouns, depending on how they are used.
* Example: "I went to the park." (park = common noun) vs. "I went to Central Park." (Central Park = proper noun)
If you are unsure whether to capitalize a noun, it's always best to err on the side of caution and capitalize it.