* Framework: The most common framework material was saplings or poles of birch, cedar, or other readily available trees. These were bent and tied together at the top to form a dome shape.
* Covering: The covering varied depending on the region and available resources, but common materials included:
* Birch bark: This was a popular choice in areas where birch trees grew. It was stripped in large sheets and woven together.
* Animal hides: Deer, elk, or buffalo hides were used in some areas, especially in colder climates.
* Matting: Woven from reeds, rushes, or grasses, matting provided insulation and weather protection.
* Canvas or other modern fabrics: In more recent times, some Native American communities have used canvas or other fabrics for wigwam coverings.
The specific design and materials of a wigwam were influenced by the environment, resources, and cultural practices of the people who built them.