Vowels (स्वर, Svara):
1. अ (a)
2. आ (ā)
3. इ (i)
4. ई (ī)
5. उ (u)
6. ऊ (ū)
7. ऋ (ṛ)
8. ऌ (ṝ)
9. ॡ (ḷ)
10. ॠ (ḹ)
11. ए (e)
12. ऐ (ai)
13. ओ (o)
14. औ (au)
15. अं (aṁ)
16. अः (aḥ)
Consonants (व्यञ्जन, Vyañjana):
1. क (ka)
2. ख (kha)
3. ग (ga)
4. घ (gha)
5. ङ (ṅa)
6. च (ca)
7. छ (cha)
8. ज (ja)
9. झ (jha)
10. ञ (ña)
11. ट (ṭa)
12. ठ (ṭha)
13. ड (ḍa)
14. ढ (ḍha)
15. ण (ṇa)
16. त (ta)
17. थ (tha)
18. द (da)
19. ध (dha)
20. न (na)
21. प (pa)
22. फ (pha)
23. ब (ba)
24. भ (bha)
25. म (ma)
26. य (ya)
27. र (ra)
28. ल (la)
29. व (va)
30. श (śa)
31. ष (ṣa)
32. स (sa)
33. ह (ha)
34. ळ (ḷa)
35. क्ष (kṣa)
36. त्र (tra)
37. ज्ञ (jña)
38. श्र (śra)
Note:
* The vowels are considered basic sounds and are used to form syllables.
* The consonants are combined with vowels to create complete syllables.
* Some letters, like "ळ" (ḷa) and "क्ष" (kṣa), are considered composite consonants, meaning they are formed by combining two or more sounds.
* The Devanagari script also includes a number of diacritics, which are added to vowels and consonants to modify their sound.
This is a simplified explanation of the Sanskrit alphabet. For a more detailed understanding, it's recommended to consult a comprehensive grammar book.