For higher in rank or position:
* Mas mataas (literally "higher")
* Nakatataas (literally "higher up")
* Pang-itaas (literally "for the top")
* Superyor (direct translation of "superior")
For better in quality:
* Mas mainam (literally "better")
* Mas magaling (literally "more skilled")
* Mas mahusay (literally "more efficient")
* Napakahusay (literally "very good")
For more powerful:
* Mas malakas (literally "stronger")
* Dominante (dominant)
* Nangingibabaw (prevailing)
The best translation would depend on the specific meaning you want to convey.