* Temporal: Relating to time, or occurring in time.
* Temporarily: For a limited time; not permanently.
* Temporary: Lasting for a limited time.
* Tempo: The speed or pace of a musical piece or movement.
* Contemporary: Existing, occurring, or living at the same time.
* Contemporaneous: Existing or occurring in the same period of time.
* Extemporaneous: Done, spoken, or performed without preparation.
* Tempest: A violent storm. (This word's etymology is more complex, but it is ultimately connected to "tempus" through the idea of "time of great change").
Let me know if you'd like more examples or information!