Here's a breakdown:
Latin Influence:
* Conjunctions: Many common conjunctions like "and", "but", "or", "because", "although", "since", "while", "though", "unless" have Latin roots. English borrowed these words directly or through Old French, which was heavily influenced by Latin.
* Relative Pronouns: The most commonly used relative pronouns, "who", "whom", "whose", "which", and "that", have their roots in Old English. However, some less common ones like "what" and "wherever" do come from Latin.
* Adverbs: Many adverbs like "therefore", "nevertheless", "however", "moreover", "besides", and "furthermore" have Latin origins.
Other Influences:
* Old English: As mentioned, Old English is the primary source of many fundamental conjunctions, relative pronouns, and adverbs in the English language. Examples include "but", "and", "that", "when", "where", and "how".
* Other Germanic Languages: English borrowed some conjunctions, relative pronouns, and adverbs from other Germanic languages like Old Norse.
* Modern Innovation: English has also created new conjunctions, relative pronouns, and adverbs through various means, such as adding prefixes or suffixes to existing words.
Conclusion:
While Latin has significantly influenced the English language, it's not the sole source of conjunctions, relative pronouns, and adverbs. Many of these grammatical elements have roots in Old English, other Germanic languages, or are modern innovations.