* Old English: *dāl* meaning "part, share, portion"
* Middle English: *dole* meaning "portion, share, allotment"
* Modern English: "dole" meaning "a share or portion, especially of money or food given as charity; unemployment benefits"
The word's evolution reflects the shifting meaning of charity and social welfare over the centuries. Initially, "dole" simply meant a portion or share of something. Over time, it became associated with charitable giving, particularly in the context of providing food or money to the poor.
By the 19th century, "dole" became more specifically associated with unemployment benefits, often with a negative connotation implying a lack of work ethic or self-sufficiency.
Interestingly, the word "deal" (as in "make a deal") also shares the same Old English root *dāl*. This connection highlights the historical understanding of "dole" as a specific portion or share of something, even if the context has since shifted.