Similar to "sparse" in meaning:
* Thin
* Scanty
* Scattered
* Meagre
* Sparsely populated
* Dilute
* Rare
* Fragile
* Limited
More specific alternatives:
* Undersupplied (for resources)
* Underpopulated (for areas)
* Understocked (for inventory)
* Underdeveloped (for areas or systems)
The best word to use will depend on the specific situation.