It is a habitational surname, meaning it is derived from a place name. In this case, it likely originated from a place called Fuselier or Fusilier in France.
The meaning of the name itself is related to fusil, which is the French word for "musket". This could suggest the area was known for its musket production or for its use in warfare.
While the exact location of the original Fuselier is not definitively known, the surname is found in various parts of France, particularly in the southwest.