Formal:
* Antiquarian: This term is often used for someone who studies ancient artifacts and history, but it can also refer to someone who collects antiques.
* Historian: While not a direct synonym, historians often study artifacts and archaeological evidence as part of their research.
* Excavator: This emphasizes the practical side of archaeology, the process of digging up and uncovering sites.
Informal:
* Digger: This is a more casual term, often used in a humorous or lighthearted context.
* Treasure hunter: This term refers to someone who searches for buried treasures, though it's often used more broadly to describe archaeologists.
The best synonym for "archaeologist" will depend on the specific context and the tone you want to convey.