For vibrant colors:
* As colorful as a rainbow
* As colorful as a tropical fish
* As colorful as a stained glass window
* As colorful as a field of wildflowers
* As colorful as a parrot's feathers
For variety and diversity:
* As colorful as a kaleidoscope
* As colorful as a patchwork quilt
* As colorful as a melting pot
* As colorful as a global tapestry
For something striking or eye-catching:
* As colorful as a fireworks display
* As colorful as a carnival
* As colorful as a Renaissance painting
The best simile will be the one that best captures the specific kind of colorfulness you're trying to describe.