Here's why it's tricky to find an antonym:
* It's a place, not a concept: Antonyms usually relate to opposing ideas or qualities. You can't have an opposite of a geographical location.
* Unique historical context: Mesopotamia has a specific cultural and historical significance, making it hard to find a place with directly opposite characteristics.
However, you could consider these possibilities:
* Other ancient civilizations: If you're looking for a contrast in terms of location or cultural development, you could refer to other ancient civilizations like Egypt, Greece, or China.
* Modern countries in the region: You could use terms like Iraq, Syria, or Turkey (which encompass parts of the former Mesopotamia) to denote a contrasting modern context.
Ultimately, the best "antonym" would depend on the specific context of your question.