During the eighteenth century natural phenomena were increasingly explained by?

In the 18th century, natural phenomena were increasingly explained by the principles of the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment. This meant a shift away from traditional, often religious explanations towards rational, empirical observation and scientific reasoning.

Here are some key factors:

* Newtonian physics: Isaac Newton's laws of motion and universal gravitation provided a framework for understanding the workings of the universe. His theories were widely influential and applied to various natural phenomena, from planetary motion to the tides.

* Empiricism: Scientists like Francis Bacon championed the idea of gathering evidence through observation and experimentation. This emphasis on empirical data led to the development of new scientific instruments and methodologies.

* Reason and logic: Enlightenment thinkers emphasized the power of human reason to understand the world. They believed that through logical reasoning and scientific investigation, one could unravel the mysteries of nature.

* The rise of scientific societies: Organizations like the Royal Society in England provided platforms for scientific inquiry and dissemination of knowledge. This facilitated communication and collaboration among scientists.

While religion still played a role in some areas of society, the 18th century saw a growing acceptance of scientific explanations for natural phenomena. This shift laid the foundation for the rapid advancements in scientific knowledge that characterized the 19th century.