For specific items:
* That: "I bought that book you recommended."
* This: "This is the best pizza I've ever had."
* These: "These are the shoes I was looking for."
* Those: "Those are the keys I need."
* The particular: "The particular book you need is out of stock."
For general references:
* Aforementioned: "The aforementioned book was written by a renowned author."
* Said: "Said book is a bestseller."
For emphasis:
* Very: "This is the very book I've been searching for."
* Specific: "Let's look at the specific example you mentioned."
In some cases, you can simply omit the article altogether:
* "I like book you recommended" (instead of "I like the book you recommended").
Ultimately, the best substitute will depend on the specific context and what you're trying to convey.