1. To establish a personal connection with the reader. Hawthorne, in the intro, positions himself as a fellow traveler, a participant in the historical and social context that birthed the story. He shares his personal reflections and experiences, creating a sense of intimacy with the reader.
2. To explain the genesis of the story. The introduction provides a framework for understanding the novel by revealing how it originated from his experience as a surveyor in the Salem Custom House. He connects the historical setting and events to the themes and characters of the novel.
3. To comment on the nature of history and memory. Hawthorne uses the introduction to explore how the past continues to influence the present. He reflects on the legacy of Puritanism and the lingering impact of its harsh moral code on American society.
4. To establish the symbolic significance of the setting. The Custom House becomes a metaphor for the societal pressures and constraints that shape individual lives. The intro connects the physical location with the psychological and emotional landscape of the story.
5. To address his own literary ambitions. Hawthorne uses the introduction to explain why he chose to write the novel, acknowledging the challenges of writing about such a weighty subject. He also expresses his desire to transcend the limitations of historical accuracy and explore the deeper truths of human nature.
6. To introduce the theme of the "romance" in the context of American history. Hawthorne uses the introduction to define his literary approach, which he calls "romance," a genre that blends historical reality with imagination and symbolism. He aims to capture the spirit of the past while exploring its enduring relevance in the present.
In essence, the "Custom-House" introduction serves as a bridge between Hawthorne's personal experience and the fictional world of *The Scarlet Letter*. It provides context, commentary, and insight, enriching the reader's understanding of the novel's themes and significance.