Here's a breakdown:
Direct Characterization:
* Explicit statements: The narrator directly describes the characters' traits and motivations. For example, we learn that Ulrich is "a man of honour and of rigid principles," and that Georg is "a man of inflexible will."
* Dialogue: The characters' conversations reveal their personalities and perspectives. Their arguments about the disputed land and their bitter past reveal their entrenched hatred and pride.
Indirect Characterization:
* Actions: The characters' actions, especially in the face of danger, reveal their true nature. Both men initially cling to their hatred and desire revenge, but their circumstances force them to re-evaluate their feelings.
* Thoughts: The story delves into the characters' inner thoughts and feelings, revealing their changing attitudes and the gradual softening of their animosity.
* Appearance: While not heavily emphasized, the characters' appearance is used to convey a sense of their social standing and their shared history.
Other Techniques:
* Contrast: The story uses contrasting characters, highlighting their differences in temperament and perspective. This contrast becomes particularly poignant when they encounter the "interlopers" in the forest and their shared fear transcends their previous hatred.
* Foreshadowing: The story hints at the possibility of change in their relationship, even as it emphasizes their long-held animosity.
In summary:
The characterization in "The Interlopers" is effective because it uses a combination of direct and indirect techniques to paint a nuanced and believable portrait of the characters' evolving emotions and relationships. It skillfully blends the characters' outward actions and inner thoughts to create a compelling story of transformation and redemption.