* Prepositional phrases start with a preposition (like "above", "below", "on", "in", etc.) and are followed by a noun or pronoun (the object of the preposition). In this case, "above" is the preposition, and "the surface" is the object.
* Adjective phrases modify nouns or pronouns and typically function as adjectives. They often contain an adjective as their headword. For example, "very beautiful" or "extremely tired" are adjective phrases.
Example:
* The bird flew above the surface of the lake. (Here, "above the surface of the lake" modifies the verb "flew" and acts as an adverbial phrase, indicating where the bird flew.)
Let me know if you'd like to explore other types of phrases!