Internal and External Deviation in English Stylistics
Stylistics, a branch of linguistics, explores the relationship between language use and style. It examines how language choices create specific effects and contribute to the overall message and meaning of a text. Deviation, a key concept in stylistics, refers to departures from expected or typical language patterns.
Internal Deviation:
* Definition: Internal deviation refers to deviations from the established norms of a particular text or genre. This means the writer deviates from their own previously established style within the same text.
* Example: In a poem, the poet might use a specific rhyme scheme and meter throughout, only to break it in a specific stanza for emphasis or to create a different effect.
* Significance: Internal deviation highlights specific elements, emphasizes particular concepts, or creates dramatic effects by disrupting the reader's expectations.
External Deviation:
* Definition: External deviation refers to deviations from the norms of the language system as a whole. This means the writer breaks rules of grammar, vocabulary, or syntax that are considered standard in the language.
* Example: Using slang, colloquialisms, or non-standard grammar in formal writing, or creating neologisms (new words) to achieve a specific stylistic effect.
* Significance: External deviation can help create a sense of authenticity, highlight a character's identity, create a specific tone, or challenge societal norms.
Here's a table summarizing the key differences:
| Feature | Internal Deviation | External Deviation |
|---|---|---|
| Basis of Deviation | Established norms of a specific text or genre | Norms of the language system as a whole |
| Example | Changing the rhyme scheme in a poem | Using slang in formal writing |
| Significance | Emphasizes specific elements, creates dramatic effects | Creates authenticity, highlights character, establishes tone |
Examples:
* Internal Deviation: In a novel, a character might start speaking in a formal, eloquent style but suddenly switch to slang and colloquialisms when expressing intense emotions.
* External Deviation: A poet might use unconventional syntax or create new words to achieve a unique poetic voice.
Note: Both internal and external deviation can contribute to the overall stylistic impact of a text. They can be used in combination or independently, depending on the writer's intention and the context. By understanding these concepts, we can better analyze and appreciate the stylistic choices made by authors and the effects they create.