For "plantations" as large-scale farms, especially for cash crops:
* Small-scale farming: This refers to farms owned and operated by individual families or small groups, often focused on subsistence agriculture.
* Sustainable agriculture: This emphasizes environmentally friendly practices, often involving smaller farms and local markets.
* Forestry: This refers to the management and harvesting of forests, which is the opposite of clearing land for plantations.
* Wild areas: This encompasses natural areas that have not been cultivated for agriculture, such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands.
For "plantations" as a historical term referring to large-scale farms based on slave labor:
* Freedom: This encompasses the opposite of forced labor and exploitation.
* Equality: This refers to the absence of discrimination and oppression.
* Justice: This implies fair treatment and compensation for all workers.
* Abolition: This specifically refers to the ending of slavery and plantation systems.
It's important to consider the context in which "plantations" is used to determine the most appropriate antonym.