* Texture: This is the broadest term and encompasses the overall sound created by the different melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic elements in a piece. Different textures can be created by layering different instruments, voices, or even different parts of the same instrument.
* Polyphony: This refers to the simultaneous sounding of multiple independent melodic lines. A polyphonic texture is often described as "layered" because each melody adds a new layer to the overall sound.
* Harmony: This refers to the simultaneous sounding of multiple notes that create chords. Each chord can be seen as a layer, and the progression of chords can create a layered effect.
* Counterpoint: This is a specific type of polyphony that involves weaving multiple melodic lines together in a complex and interwoven way. Each melodic line adds a layer to the overall texture, and the interplay between them creates a rich and complex sound.
* Overdubbing: In recording, this refers to the process of adding multiple tracks of the same instrument or voice on top of each other to create a layered sound.
So, depending on the specific musical situation, you can choose the term that best describes the layering effect you want to convey.