1. Vocabulary and Diction:
* Epic Diction: This includes words and phrases that were common in the ancient Greek language, but are rarely used in modern Greek or other languages. Examples include "wine-dark sea," "swift-footed Achilles," or "the god-like Odysseus."
* Epithets: These are descriptive phrases that are repeatedly used to refer to a particular character or object. Examples include "swift-footed Achilles" or "grey-eyed Athena."
* Formulaic Language: Homer's epics are full of repeated phrases and verses, known as "formulae," which were used to help the poet remember and recite the poems. These formulae often convey specific actions or situations, such as "he grasped his spear" or "he shook his head."
2. Themes and Concepts:
* Epic Conventions: The Homeric epics follow certain conventions that were common in ancient Greek epic poetry, such as the invocation of the Muse, the use of similes, and the emphasis on hospitality and divine intervention.
* Values and Beliefs: The poems reflect the values and beliefs of ancient Greek society, such as the importance of honor, courage, and loyalty, as well as the belief in the power of the gods.
* Heroic Code: The epics present a code of conduct for heroes, which emphasizes bravery, skill in battle, and the pursuit of glory.
3. Specific Examples:
* "Xenia": The ancient Greek concept of hospitality, which is a central theme in The Odyssey.
* "Kleos": The concept of fame and glory, which is highly prized by the heroes.
* "Arete": The concept of virtue or excellence, which is associated with both physical prowess and moral character.
In summary:
"Homeric terms" encompass a wide range of vocabulary, themes, and concepts found in Homer's epic poems. They provide valuable insights into the language, culture, and values of ancient Greece. Studying them allows us to better understand the enduring power of Homer's work and its influence on Western literature and culture.