1. Adjectives:
* Definition: Adjectives describe nouns or pronouns. They tell us what kind, how many, or which one.
* Examples: *beautiful* house, *three* cats, *that* book
2. Adverbs:
* Definition: Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. They tell us how, when, where, or to what extent something is done.
* Examples: He ran *quickly*, the house is *very* beautiful, she spoke *too* fast.
3. Determiners:
* Definition: Determiners are words that come before nouns to specify which noun is being referred to.
* Examples: *The* cat, *a* dog, *this* table, *some* milk
4. Prepositional Phrases:
* Definition: Prepositional phrases consist of a preposition (e.g., on, in, under, with) and its object (e.g., the table, the car, my friend). They can modify nouns, verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs, adding information about location, time, manner, etc.
* Examples: *On the table*, *in the morning*, *with great care*
5. Participial Phrases:
* Definition: Participial phrases are verb forms ending in "-ing" or "-ed" that function as adjectives. They describe the noun or pronoun they modify.
* Examples: *Walking* down the street, she saw a bird, the *broken* window.
6. Relative Clauses:
* Definition: Relative clauses are dependent clauses that modify nouns or pronouns. They begin with a relative pronoun (e.g., who, which, that) and provide additional information about the noun or pronoun.
* Examples: The dog *that barked at me* was very friendly, the book *which I read yesterday* was interesting.
7. Infinitive Phrases:
* Definition: Infinitive phrases consist of the word "to" followed by a verb (e.g., to run, to eat, to sleep). They can function as adjectives, adverbs, or nouns.
* Examples: I have a *lot of homework to do*, He's too tired *to run*.
In a nutshell, modifying words provide detail and specificity to a sentence, making it richer and more informative.