1. Singular nouns ending in "s, x, ch, sh, or z":
* This helps make the plural form easier to pronounce.
* Examples:
* Bus - Buses
* Box - Boxes
* Church - Churches
* Brush - Brushes
* Buzz - Buzzes
2. Singular nouns ending in "y" preceded by a consonant:
* The "y" changes to "i" and you add "es."
* Examples:
* Baby - Babies
* City - Cities
* Country - Countries
3. Some verbs in the third person singular, present tense:
* This applies to verbs ending in "s, x, ch, sh, or z" and "y" preceded by a consonant.
* Examples:
* He washes the dishes.
* She fixes the car.
* It catches the ball.
4. Certain words for emphasis or emphasis on the plural form:
* These are less common and often used in informal speech or writing.
* Examples:
* "He's got two fiveses." (emphasizing the plural of five)
* "She's wearing a pair of glasseses." (emphasizing the plural of glasses)
Remember:
* If a noun ends in "y" preceded by a vowel, you only add "s" to make it plural. For example, "monkey" becomes "monkeys."
* The "es" rule doesn't apply to all words ending in "s, x, ch, sh, or z." Some words have irregular plural forms, like "child" which becomes "children."
If you are unsure whether to add "es" or just "s," it's always best to consult a dictionary.