1. Relative: This is the most common meaning of "ndugu." It can refer to a brother, sister, cousin, aunt, uncle, nephew, niece, or any other blood relative.
2. Fellow Countryman/Woman: It can also be used to refer to someone who shares your nationality, tribe, or origin, similar to how "brother" or "sister" can be used in English.
3. Friend: In some contexts, "ndugu" can even be used as a term of endearment for a close friend, similar to how "brother" or "sister" is used in some English-speaking cultures.
Here are some examples:
* "Ndugu yangu" - My brother/sister (literal)
* "Ndugu zetu" - Our relatives (plural)
* "Ndugu mwenzangu" - My fellow countryman/woman
* "Karibu ndugu" - Welcome, friend/brother/sister
It's important to understand the context when interpreting the meaning of "ndugu." The tone of voice and the surrounding words can help clarify the intended meaning.