Chinese:
* Direct Borrowings:
* Food:
* Siopao: Chinese "shaobing" (steamed bun)
* Pancit: Hokkien "pian i" (flat noodles)
* Lumpia: Hokkien "lun pia" (spring roll)
* Everyday Items:
* Tsinelas: "xin la" (slippers)
* Kuwentas: Hokkien "kue" (money)
* Banyo: Hokkien "pan iu" (bathroom)
* Kapa: Hokkien "kap" (small pot)
* Words used in the Filipino language:
* Utang: "dāng" (debt)
* Tulong: "tòng" (help)
* Salamat: "xiè xie" (thank you)
* Tindahan: "diàn" (shop)
* Indirect Influence:
* Trade and Commerce: Many Chinese words related to business and trade have entered the Filipino vocabulary through trade interactions over centuries.
* Cultural Terms: Some terms related to Chinese culture, like "dragon" and "feng shui," are used in the Philippines.
Sanskrit:
* Direct Borrowings:
* Religious Terms: Many Sanskrit words were borrowed through Hinduism and Buddhism, especially related to religious rituals and concepts.
* Spiritual and Philosophical Terms: Words like "karma" and "yoga" have been adopted into the Filipino language.
* Names: Some Filipino names have Sanskrit origins, like "Lakshmi" or "Dev"
* Indirect Influence:
* Through Malay: Sanskrit words, especially related to religion and philosophy, entered the Malay language and then spread to the Philippines.
* Through Other Languages: Sanskrit words were introduced through other languages like Pali and Prakrit that influenced the development of the Filipino language.
Note:
* The influence of Chinese and Sanskrit words in the Philippines is often intertwined with the influence of Malay and other Austronesian languages.
* Many words have been adapted and transformed in the Filipino language over time, making their original meanings and origins sometimes difficult to trace.
* The adoption of Chinese and Sanskrit words is a testament to the cultural exchange and interaction that shaped the Philippines.
If you have specific areas of interest related to Chinese and Sanskrit words in Philippine society, please feel free to ask more specific questions!