Orthography encompasses the rules, conventions, and principles governing the written form of a language, including:
* Letter-sound correspondences: How letters and combinations of letters represent sounds.
* Word formation: How words are built, including prefixes, suffixes, and root words.
* Punctuation: The use of commas, periods, question marks, etc.
* Capitalization: When to use uppercase letters.
* Hyphenation: The use of hyphens in compound words and at the end of lines.