* Ser is the verb "to be" used for permanent or inherent qualities, characteristics, and states.
* Estar is the verb "to be" used for temporary states, locations, and feelings.
Here's a breakdown:
Ser
* Describes essential qualities:
* *Ella es alta.* (She is tall.) - This is a permanent physical characteristic.
* *Él es inteligente.* (He is intelligent.) - This is a permanent mental characteristic.
* Indicates origin, nationality, profession:
* *Soy de México.* (I am from Mexico.)
* *Ella es doctora.* (She is a doctor.)
* Expresses time:
* *Son las cinco de la tarde.* (It is five o'clock in the afternoon.)
* *Es lunes.* (It is Monday.)
Estar
* Describes temporary states:
* *Estoy cansado.* (I am tired.) - This is a temporary condition.
* *Estoy feliz.* (I am happy.) - This is a temporary emotion.
* *Estoy enfermo.* (I am sick.) - This is a temporary health condition.
* Indicates location:
* *Estoy en casa.* (I am at home.) - This is a temporary location.
* *El libro está en la mesa.* (The book is on the table.) - This is a temporary location.
* Expresses feelings or emotions:
* *Estoy triste.* (I am sad.)
* *Estoy enojado.* (I am angry.)
Key Differences:
* Permanence: Ser describes permanent traits, while estar describes temporary states.
* Location: Estar is often used to indicate location, while ser is not.
* Feelings: Estar is used to express feelings and emotions.
Remember: The choice between "ser" and "estar" can be tricky, but understanding their specific uses will help you use them correctly in Spanish.