* Both languages contributed significantly: English is a hybrid language, with major contributions from both Old English (Germanic) and Norman French (Romance).
* Overlapping Connotations: Many words have developed similar connotations across both languages. For example, both Old English and Norman French contributed words for law, government, and religion, which often have a formal tone.
* Evolution and Context: Over time, the connotations of words can change based on usage and cultural contexts.
However, we can make some generalizations:
* Old English: Tends to have words that feel more grounded, concrete, and sometimes blunt. These words might be considered more "down-to-earth" but less formal in some cases. Examples: "strong," "brave," "earth," "fire."
* Norman French: Contributed words that are often associated with refinement, elegance, and intellectualism. These words might be considered more "formal" or "cold" in certain situations. Examples: "beautiful," "noble," "justice," "philosophy."
It's important to note:
* These are generalizations, and there are many exceptions to these trends.
* The "coldness" or "formality" of a word is also highly dependent on the context in which it is used.
In conclusion: While Old English and Norman French both contributed to the English vocabulary, Norman French might be argued to have contributed more words with a "cold" and "formal" connotation due to its association with the ruling class and intellectual pursuits. However, it is ultimately the context of the word and its usage that determines its connotation.