Señora
* Married women: This is the standard term of respect for a married woman.
* Older women, regardless of marital status: It's often used for women who are perceived as being of a certain age, even if their marital status is unknown.
* Formal situations: It's the safest and most polite choice in formal settings.
Señorita
* Unmarried women: Historically, "señorita" was used exclusively for unmarried women.
* Young women: You might hear it used for young women, even if their marital status is unknown, but this usage is becoming less common.
* Older women who prefer it: Some women may still prefer to be addressed as "señorita" even if they are married, especially if they feel it's more appropriate for them.
Important Considerations:
* Respect: Both terms are meant to be respectful.
* Context: The best choice depends on the specific context, including age, marital status, and the relationship between you and the woman.
* Changing Times: The usage of "señorita" has become less common in many Latin American countries. Some people find it outdated or even disrespectful.
* Asking: If you are unsure, the best approach is to politely ask the woman how she prefers to be addressed.
In Conclusion:
While "señora" is the most widely used and generally safest option, it's essential to be aware of cultural nuances and to use your best judgment based on the specific situation.