1. For family relationships:
* Magkakamag-anak (formal): This is the most common and general term for "related" in the sense of family ties. It encompasses all kinds of relatives.
* Kamag-anak (informal): This is the shortened form of "magkakamag-anak".
* Kapamilya: This literally means "family member" and is used in a broader sense to describe someone you consider close to family.
* Kamag-anak sa panig ng ama/ina: This means "related on the father's/mother's side"
* Kapatid: This means "sibling", but it can also be used to refer to close friends or people who are like family to you.
2. For connections between things:
* Magkaugnay: This refers to things being connected or related in some way, like concepts, events, or ideas.
* Kaugnay: This is the shortened form of "magkaugnay".
* May kaugnayan: This means "has a relationship" or "is related to" something.
3. For relationships between people:
* May kaugnayan sa isa't isa: This means "have a relationship with each other", and is usually used to describe connections between people who aren't related by blood.
Example Sentences:
* Magkakamag-anak kami. (We are related.)
* Kamag-anak ko siya sa panig ng ama. (He is my relative on my father's side.)
* May kaugnayan ang pagbabago sa klima sa pagtaas ng lebel ng dagat. (Climate change is related to rising sea levels.)
* May kaugnayan sa isa't isa ang mga karakter sa kwento. (The characters in the story have a relationship with each other.)
Remember to choose the most appropriate translation based on the context of your sentence.