1. Personal Narrative: The essay is framed as a personal story, Tan's own experiences with language and her mother's limited English. This makes the essay relatable and emotionally engaging, drawing the reader into her world and perspective.
2. Anecdotes and Examples: Tan uses vivid and specific anecdotes to illustrate the challenges and frustrations she and her mother faced due to language differences. For example, the story of her mother being misunderstood at the doctor's office or the story of her mother struggling to understand a simple form highlights the real-life impact of language barriers.
3. Contrast: Tan contrasts her mother's "broken" English with the "proper" English she learned in school. This juxtaposition helps to emphasize the inherent bias and prejudice against non-standard English, highlighting the importance of recognizing the value of different linguistic forms.
4. Appeals to Logic and Emotion:
* Logic: Tan appeals to logic by highlighting the cognitive abilities and intelligence of her mother, demonstrating that her limited English does not reflect a lack of intelligence. She uses examples like her mother's ability to run a successful business to dispel the stereotype that "broken" English is a sign of limited mental capacity.
* Emotion: She appeals to emotion by sharing personal anecdotes that evoke feelings of empathy and understanding for her mother's struggles. This emotional connection allows readers to connect with her message on a deeper level.
5. Rhetorical Questions: Tan uses rhetorical questions throughout the essay to engage the reader and encourage them to consider their own biases and assumptions about language. For example, she asks, "How could I, as a writer, have a voice, when my mother's was so quiet?" This question prompts readers to reflect on the impact of language on their own identity and expression.
6. Figurative Language: While Tan doesn't employ complex metaphors or similes, she uses simple but effective imagery to create a clear and memorable picture for the reader. For example, she describes her mother's English as "limited" and "broken," creating a vivid image of her mother's communication style.
7. Tone: The essay is written in a conversational and accessible tone. Tan's voice is honest, personal, and reflective, which further enhances the essay's persuasive power and emotional impact.
By effectively weaving together these rhetorical strategies, Tan delivers a compelling and thought-provoking argument that challenges readers to re-evaluate their perspectives on language and its relationship to identity, power, and communication.