Formal:
* എങ്ങനെയാണ്? (enganeyaanu?) - This is the most general and polite way to ask. It literally translates to "How is it?"
* എന്താണ് സംഭവിക്കുന്നത്? (enthaanu sambhavikkunnat?) - This translates to "What is happening?" and is a more formal way of inquiring about someone's situation.
Informal:
* എങ്ങനെയുണ്ട്? (engane undu?) - This is a more casual and friendly way to ask, and literally translates to "How are you?"
* എന്താണ് പുതിയത്? (enthaanu puthiyat?) - This translates to "What's new?" and is a casual way to ask how someone is doing.
To ask about something specific:
* എങ്ങനെയാണ് നിങ്ങളുടെ ജോലി? (enganeyaanu ningalude joli?) - "How is your work?"
* എങ്ങനെയാണ് നിങ്ങളുടെ പഠനം? (enganeyaanu ningalude patanam?) - "How is your study?"
* എങ്ങനെയാണ് നിങ്ങളുടെ കുടുംബം? (enganeyaanu ningalude kudumbam?) - "How is your family?"
You can choose the most appropriate phrase depending on the situation and your relationship with the person you're speaking to.