1. Adding "-s" or "-es"
* Singular: cat, dog, book, chair
* Plural: cats, dogs, books, chairs
2. Changing the ending
* Singular: child, woman, man, mouse
* Plural: children, women, men, mice
3. Irregular forms
* Singular: sheep, deer, fish, goose
* Plural: sheep, deer, fish, geese
4. Latin and Greek words
* Singular: alumnus, bacterium, datum
* Plural: alumni, bacteria, data
5. Compound words
* Singular: toothbrush, stepchild
* Plural: toothbrushes, stepchildren
6. Words that don't change
* Singular: series, species, means
* Plural: series, species, means
7. Nouns that are always plural
* Singular: None
* Plural: pants, scissors, jeans
8. Nouns that are only used in the plural
* Singular: None
* Plural: goods, belongings, wages
These are just a few examples, but there are many more ways plural words can be formed. Understanding the different rules of pluralization is essential for correct grammar and writing.