MLA (Modern Language Association)
* In-text citations: Use parentheses to enclose the author's last name and page number. For example: (Smith 123).
* Works Cited list: Use periods to separate elements of a citation.
APA (American Psychological Association)
* In-text citations: Use parentheses to enclose the author's last name and year of publication. For example: (Smith, 2023).
* References list: Use periods to separate elements of a citation.
Chicago (Chicago Manual of Style)
* Notes and bibliography: Use superscript numbers for footnotes and endnotes, and periods to separate elements in the bibliography.
Other Styles:
* Harvard: Similar to APA, uses parentheses for author-year in-text citations.
* Vancouver: Uses numbers for in-text citations and a numbered reference list.
General Tips:
* Consistency is key: Stick to the rules of your chosen style guide throughout your work.
* Punctuation marks belong inside the parentheses: (Smith 123).
* Periods go outside the closing parenthesis: (Smith 123).
* Use commas to separate multiple authors: (Smith, Jones, & Brown, 2023).
Please note: This is a general overview, and specific citation rules may vary slightly depending on the specific style guide and type of source. Always consult the most up-to-date style guide for accurate information.