* Early African American pioneers: Many arrived in the West before the Civil War, escaping slavery and seeking opportunity, becoming cowboys, miners, soldiers, and entrepreneurs.
* African American migration after the Civil War: The "Exoduster" movement saw thousands of Black Americans fleeing the South for Kansas and other Western territories, hoping for a better life.
* Black cowboys: They played a significant role in the cattle industry, working as cowboys, ranchers, and even rodeo performers.
* Black soldiers and settlers: Blacks served in the US Army and fought in wars like the Indian Wars, contributing to the shaping of the West.
* Black communities and towns: They established vibrant communities in the West, with their own churches, schools, and businesses.
* Struggles with racism and discrimination: Despite their contributions, Black frontiersmen faced constant prejudice, segregation, and violence.
The "Black Frontiers" narrative highlights the complex history of African Americans in the West, demonstrating their agency, resilience, and crucial contributions to the development of the region, often overlooked in mainstream Western history.