1. By Source:
* Primary Sources: Original research articles, dissertations, theses, conference proceedings, patents, and other materials directly from the source of the information.
* Secondary Sources: Interpretations and analyses of primary sources, including books, review articles, journal articles, and textbooks.
* Tertiary Sources: Compilations of secondary sources, such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, and handbooks.
2. By Discipline:
* Scientific: Research from natural and social sciences, focusing on empirical data and analysis.
* Humanities: Research on topics like literature, history, philosophy, and art, often employing qualitative methods.
* Social Sciences: Research on social phenomena, including psychology, sociology, economics, and political science.
3. By Methodology:
* Qualitative: Research using non-numerical data like interviews, observations, and texts.
* Quantitative: Research using numerical data and statistical analysis.
* Mixed Methods: Research combining qualitative and quantitative approaches.
4. By Research Question:
* Descriptive: Research aimed at describing a phenomenon or issue.
* Exploratory: Research seeking to uncover new insights or ideas.
* Explanatory: Research aiming to explain the causes of a phenomenon.
* Predictive: Research aiming to forecast future outcomes.
* Evaluative: Research aimed at assessing the effectiveness of an intervention or program.
5. By Time Frame:
* Historical: Research examining past events and their impact.
* Contemporary: Research focusing on current events and issues.
* Future-oriented: Research exploring potential future scenarios or trends.
6. By Geographic Scope:
* Local: Research focusing on a specific region or community.
* National: Research examining a nation or country.
* International: Research exploring global issues or comparisons between countries.
7. By Audience:
* Academic: Research intended for scholarly audiences.
* Professional: Research targeting specific professions or industries.
* Public: Research aiming to inform and educate the general public.
Note: These categories can overlap, and some literature and studies may fit into multiple classifications. The most appropriate classification will depend on your specific research question and context.