Here's why:
* Adjectives describe nouns. They tell us more about the noun they modify. For example, "red" is an adjective that describes the color of a "car."
* Determiners specify which noun is being referred to. They are often placed before the noun they modify. "A" is a definite article that indicates a singular, unspecified noun. For example, "a car" refers to any single car.
So, while the letter "a" is used in words, it's not a word itself that acts as an adjective.