Formal:
* Please: This is the most common and polite way to make a request.
* Could you please...: This is a more formal way of asking for something.
* Would you mind...: This is a polite way to ask for something, but it can also be used to ask for permission.
* May I...: This is a very formal way to make a request.
Informal:
* Can you...: This is a more casual way to make a request.
* Will you...: This is a more direct way to make a request.
* Could you...: This is also a casual way to make a request, but it's still polite.
Other options:
* I'd appreciate it if you would...: This is a polite way to make a request.
* I'm hoping you could...: This is a softer way to make a request.
It's important to choose the right word based on the context. For example, you wouldn't use "Can you..." when making a request to your boss. You would use a more formal phrase like "Could you please..." or "Would you mind...".
Here are some examples of how to use these words:
* Formal: "Please pass me the salt."
* Informal: "Can you hand me the salt?"
* Formal: "Could you please send me the report by Friday?"
* Informal: "Can you send me the report by Friday?"
* Formal: "Would you mind helping me with this project?"
* Informal: "Can you help me with this project?"
Ultimately, the best way to choose the right word is to consider the situation and your relationship with the person you are talking to.