1. Specific Language Impairment (SLI): This is a developmental disorder affecting language acquisition. A person with SLI might have difficulty with spoken language, but their written language skills may be relatively unimpaired.
2. Aphasia: This is an acquired language disorder that results from brain damage, often due to stroke. Some types of aphasia can affect spoken language significantly while leaving writing abilities intact.
3. Alexithymia: This is a difficulty identifying and expressing emotions. While it's not directly related to language skills, it can make it difficult to communicate verbally about feelings, even if the person is able to write them down.
4. Selective Mutism: This is a rare anxiety disorder where a child is able to speak in some situations but not others. This can lead to difficulty with oral communication in certain settings, even though they might be able to communicate effectively in writing.
5. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): Some individuals with ASD have difficulty with spoken language but may have a good grasp of written language.
6. Other Neurological Conditions: Various other conditions, such as Cerebral Palsy or Spinal Muscular Atrophy, can affect motor skills and speech production, leading to difficulty speaking but not writing.
It's important to remember that the specific term used will depend on the underlying cause and the individual's unique circumstances. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional or a qualified speech-language pathologist to get a proper diagnosis and understand the specific challenges the individual faces.