Formal:
* Telecommunication device
* Line (in the sense of "calling someone on the line")
* Phone (a more common, less formal alternative)
Informal:
* Mobile (for a cell phone)
* Cellular (for a cell phone)
* Landline (for a traditional phone connected to a network via wires)
* Handset (a more technical term)
* Wireless (for a cell phone)
* Buzzer (informal, often used for old-fashioned phones)
Specific types of telephones:
* Rotary phone
* Touch-tone phone
* Smart phone
* Cordless phone
* VoIP phone (Voice over Internet Protocol)
The best word to use depends on the situation and the desired level of formality.