* Topic refers to the subject matter of a discussion or conversation. It's the general theme or area being explored.
* Debate refers to a formal discussion or argument, often with opposing viewpoints presented. It's the act of discussing a topic in a structured, argumentative way.
Here's an example:
* Topic: Climate Change
* Debate: A debate on whether climate change is caused by human activity.
In essence, a topic is what you talk about, while a debate is how you talk about it.