General Antonyms:
* Competition: This is the most direct opposite of collaboration, as it involves individuals or groups striving for the same goal, but against each other.
* Isolation: This emphasizes the absence of interaction and teamwork.
* Individualism: This focuses on the independent efforts of individuals rather than collective work.
* Opposition: This implies actively working against a shared goal, rather than toward it.
More Specific Antonyms:
* Conflict: This emphasizes disagreement and tension, the opposite of the cooperation implied by collaboration.
* Rivalry: This is a more specific form of competition, often involving animosity and a desire to outdo the other party.
* Disagreement: This highlights the lack of consensus and shared vision that is essential for successful collaboration.
* Disunity: This emphasizes the absence of cohesion and shared purpose, which are crucial for collaboration.
The best antonym for "collaboration" will depend on the specific situation and the intended meaning.