Here's a breakdown:
* Jōyō kanji: These are the 2,136 kanji considered essential for everyday use in Japan.
* Jinmeiyo kanji: These are kanji used primarily in names, and there are about 2,000 of them.
* Rare kanji: There are thousands of kanji that are rarely used, even in specialized fields.
Therefore, while there are over 50,000 kanji in total, a fluent Japanese speaker only needs to learn a few thousand to be able to read and write effectively.