1. Pidgin Languages:
* Definition: A simplified language that develops when speakers of different languages need to communicate. It typically has a limited vocabulary and grammar, often borrowing elements from the dominant language.
* Examples: Tok Pisin (Papua New Guinea), Sango (Central African Republic), Chinook Jargon (North America).
2. Creole Languages:
* Definition: A language that develops from a pidgin language when it becomes the native language of a community. It has a more complex grammar and vocabulary than a pidgin language.
* Examples: Haitian Creole, Jamaican Patois, Louisiana Creole.
3. Lingua Francas:
* Definition: A language that is used as a common means of communication between people who speak different languages. It's not necessarily a "new" language, but rather an existing language adopted for communication.
* Examples: English (in business and science), French (historically in diplomacy), Swahili (in East Africa).
4. Mixed Languages:
* Definition: Languages that combine features of two or more languages in a way that is more complex than a pidgin or creole.
* Examples: Michif (French and Cree), Ma'a (Arabic and Berber), Mediterráneo (Spanish and Italian)
5. Language Blends:
* Definition: A new language that is deliberately created by combining elements of two or more languages.
* Examples: Volapük, Esperanto, Interlingua.
Which term best fits your question depends on the specific type of combination you're thinking of.
* For a new language developed for communication between speakers of different languages, "pidgin" or "creole" are likely.
* For an existing language used as a common means of communication, "lingua franca" is the best fit.
* For a language that combines elements in a more complex way, "mixed language" or "language blend" might apply.